Electrochemical cell lab Aim Essay

Aim :- To find out the feasibility of a redox reaction by looking at the cell potential of the reaction . Quantitative observation The table below shows the values of cell potential that were recorded when the experiment was performed Reaction Cell potential (ÂÂ ±0.01V) CuSO4 and ZnSO4 0.99V CuSO4 and AgNO3 0.64V Ag 1.39V Qualitative Observation Reaction Obsevrations CuSO4 and ZnSO4 Copper sulphate turns from clear to blue , whereas zinc sulphate remains colorless CuSO4 and AgNO3 Copper sulphate is blue in color , silver nitrate is colorless Ag Data processing Experiment 1 Zn(s) -> Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq) -> Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + Zn(s) -> Cu(s) + Zn2+ (aq) Experiment 2 Cu(s) -> Cu2+ (aq)+ 2e- (aq) Ag+(aq) + e- (aq) -> Ag(s) Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) -> Cu2+ (Aq) + 2Ag (s) Experiment 3 Zn(s) -> Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- (aq) Ag+ (aq) + e- (aq)-> Ag(s) Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) -> Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s) The table below shows the literature values for the respective cell potential Reaction Cell potential (ÂÂ ±0.01V) CuSO4 and ZnSO4 0.34V CuSO4 and AgNO3 0.46 V. Ag 1.10 V Error percentage = (|difference between the literature and experimental value|)/(the literature value )x100 = (|0.34V – 0.99V|)/(0.34V) x100 = 191.17% We can similarly find the error percentages for other cell potentials also The table below shows the respective error percentages of each of the cell potential Reaction Error percentage CuSO4 and ZnSO4 191.17% CuSO4 and AgNO3 39.13% Ag 16.36% Theory Electrochemical cells In an electrochemical cell, electricity is produced through chemical reactions. There consist two electrodes: – the negative electrode and the positive electrode. At the negative electrode

Overcoming Adversity to Become a Better Person Essay

In every person’s life, facing adversity and overcoming it is one of the biggest challenges that there is. People struggle with different types of adversities and while there some people who manage to overcome them, others are not so lucky and find themselves entangled in a web of problems for their entire lifetime. However, as painful and problematic as they are, adversities are important in that if a person successfully overcomes them, they become stronger in character and as a human being as well. This paper is a discussion of the adversities I have faced as a foreign student having relocated from Saudi Arabia to the United States. The paper will also address family, cultural and personal tradition that are meaningful to my country of origin. Specific adversities I have faced and how these experiences have made me a better person                     One of the major challenges faced by any international student would be the issue of relocating to another country to further one’s studies (Long, 2005).   In my case, it was not any different since I have faced numerous adversities some of which I still struggle to overcome. My country of origin is Saudi Arabia, which means that the major language of communication is Arabic. However, with the relocation to America, this meant that I had to learn English as a second language which is the main language spoken by American citizens. Initially, learning another language was very challenging since the language is not even closely related to Arabic. Communicating with other students in class was very problematic since I could not understand very well what some of them were saying. On the other hand, I would find it difficult to shop for most of the items on the shelves are named in English. Another major adversity I faced is the culture shock of b eing away from an environment and people I had become used to interact with on a daily basis. The culture of Saudi Arabia is very much different from what I have experienced here in the United States. The roles of religion, gender, family and education all differ when I compare them to that of the American culture. In Saudi Arabia, our culture dictates that people should live together in harmony as a family, but in America, this is entirely different. I found it very difficult to adjust to this life since it is not what I was accustomed. However, I have managed to overcome most of these adversities and they have contributed to making me a better person. For instance, now I can speak another language besides Arabic and I have experienced a different culture besides that one of my country. A family, cultural or personal tradition that is meaningful to me                     In Saudi Arabia, the country, mainly comprises of an Islamic culture with almost every citizen being a Muslim (Ham and Madden, 2004).  In this regard, there are many families, cultural or personal traditions that we uphold and believe contribute a lot in defining who we are as a nation (Long, 2005).  One of the most important tradition to us is that women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia. The reason for this is that the Islamic establishment ruled that it is a law that every woman should have a male guardian accompanying them wherever they go (Ham and Madden, 2004).  To us, this tradition is important since it gives the man control over her wife and family. If a woman wants to drive, she can only do so with the permission of her husband who instead prefers to drive her. This way, the Saudi Arabian culture ensures that men are the head of the home while the woman is their helper and has to listen to whatever he says. The person I would like to spend a day with (living, deceased or imaginary) and why                     One of the people I would like to spend a day with must be my grandmother who unfortunately passed on five years ago. She was one of my favorite relative and person that I found interesting to spend time with. She always gave me a lot of advice about life and how I should carry out myself in the presence of other people. In addition, my grandmother guided me to stay strong in my faith in Islam and to never forget to say my usual prayers every day. Moreover, my grandmother was a very good cook who loved preparing delicious meals whenever I went to visit her. After the food was ready, I would help her serve it and we would both enjoy it as she gave me stories about our culture and how it originated. She was a very wise woman who knew a lot of things about life in both the present and the past. If she was alive today, I am sure I would still be enjoying her company very much. In conclusion, struggling to overcome adversities is not very easy but once a person makes to overcome them, they become a much stronger person. In my case, I have learnt to overcome adversities related to relocating to the United States alone, which has made me a much better person. In fact, I have more friends who are not from my country of origin. Furthermore, I have explained why the tradition of women is important to Saudi Arabian citizens since it is one of the ways that men are able to assume total control over their women. I have also cited that my grandmother was one of the people that I would desire to spend more time with, were she alive today. All in all, it is these occurrences that have contributed to shaping the person I am today. References Ham, A., Brekhus, M., & Madden, A. (2004).  Saudi Arabia. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet. Long, D. E. (2005).  Culture and customs of Saudi Arabia. Westport, Conn. [u.a.: Greenwood Press. Source document

Performance Criteria for Cavity Wall and Pitched Roof

Performance standards for pit wall and pitched roof Report Contentss Introduction Cavity Wall Block Insulation Brick Wall Neckties Plasterboard Mortar Elementss for a pit wall U-Values Decision Pitched Roof Types of Roof Coverings: There are two basic traditional types of pitched roof: The benefits of Trussed Rafters: Decision MentionsIntroductionThis assignment aims to explicate the troubles of public presentation standards for an external pit wall and a pitched roof of a domestic home. This assignment focal point on the information provided from the sanctioned document â€Å"Conservation of fuel and power in new dwellings† L1A The chief types of walls:Cavity Wall / Cavity walls lose less heat than solid walls, and are much easier to insulate.Solid Wall / constructed from one tegument of masonry built from brick/blockwork in this type of walls hard to accomplish high criterions of thermic insularity.Cavity WallThe pit wall is the external wall of a house constructed of two parallel walls ( two teguments ) , with a infinite of at least 50mm between them and filled with insularity by many different methods. The outer tegument, built from brick or blockwork. The interior tegument is normally of blockwork and joins the two walls together by metal tie resistant’s. The weathering is put in at suited topographic points to forestall the consequence of a prostration. The chief map of this external pit wall is to cut down heat loss by make fulling the pit with stuff that would halt heat transportation ; and as such well cut downing warming costs and condensation. Inside the house pit wall insularity regulates the heat indoors, so it will gives warming in winter and chilling in summer, protecting against moistness and mould growing and minimising sound transportation. A good pit wall entirely does non forestall the job of moistness ; to to the full proof a house a good thermal dielectric is besides recommended. This does nil for the outside of the belongings so there are some suggestions below to assist with the enterprise:BlockThe blockwork is made from organic minerals obtained from clay and natural stuffs, which gives the support and stableness for the edifice. Blocks are built foremost when get downing to construct a pit wall. The benefit of utilizing blocks is that it provides a higher degree of thermic mass. When it is good insulated it gives as efficient energy as lumber. There are many different types of blocks ; barricade type Thermalite Hi-Strength 7 Blocks with a measuring of 100mm has the U-Value of precisely 0.28 W/m2K for the external wall and has been chosen for those grounds.InsulationThe determination was made to utilize mineral wool insularity to carry through a 75mm pit wall dimension. This adds first-class public presentation i n relation to heat loss. Mineral wool has high quality glass and comparatively light weight. This will intend easiness of handling, cutting and installing. Mineral wool insularity is cost efficient which is 50 % lower than standard froth insularity. The efficient insularity will be measured for zero heat loss and it can be done by curtailing the air motion through the spread between the intern and outer walls. For a zero heat loss accomplishment the pit will necessitate to be to the full filled. An added benefit to this is the sound decrease belongingss of the merchandise. The limitation of air through the pit will besides impact on the sound ways seeking to pervade the walls. Brick The infinite between the bricks should be filled with howitzer to forestall any escape or structural troubles. The surplus should so be removed via cleansing to forestall added wet. As I have mentioned above, the brickwork is made from organic minerals gettable from clay and natural stuffs. This has the versatility of shadiness, coloring material and texture. Brick is an astonishing stuff to construct with ; it provides a delighting aesthetic to the house with a customizable coloring material. The natural stuffs in brick are chemically inserted so it does non lend to any air pollution in your place. Brick is besides fire opposition while being a stuff that is reclaimable and insulating. This allows for money to be saved by take downing heat addition and heat loss. For the usage of the bricks a measuring of 103mm brick will be considered for a pit wall of 75mm dimension. A to the full filled pit wall will cut down the heat loss in the edifice. The type of brick work selected will be stretcher bond because of the easiness of cutting that this stuff provides.Wall NecktiesNeckties when right fitted should incline downward from inner to outer wall. This helps to fore stall rain and other conditions related affair to traverse the pit. This will add another facet of wet protection for the interior of the house. For the 75mm pit wall ; 200mm wall ties were selected to be topographic points between the blocks and the bricks. The horizontal articulations will besides be attached to palisade ties, to give the wall more stableness. This will forestall the likeliness of impetus between the walls. The stuff will besides be made from unstained steel so as to forestall corrosion of the metal.PlasterboardLightweight Plaster ( Inner Finish )MortarThe determination was made to include a thin bed of howitzer to the brick/block work. This will:The build clip will be reduced because of the easiness they are constructed. Construction clip can be less than 60 proceedingss until the stuff is considered dry and ready for component installing.The stuff increases the thermic public presentation of the edifice and in so making will cut down the U-Values.The thin Mortar will better building qualityElementss for a pit wallThe undermentioned stuffs were chosen for the creative activity of a suited pit wall: 103mm brick Stretcher bond 75mm pit wall fully-filled with insularity 100mm block Thermalite Hi-Strength 7 200mm wall ties Thin Mortar bed Lightweight Plaster for inner coatingU-ValuesThe jutting heat loss will be calculated depending on the U-Values. The lower the value the better the stuff as is shown in L1A certification. This papers provides that if the U-Value is less than 0.2 W/m2K so grounds is needed to corroborate that the edifice design is feasible.DecisionExternal walls are considered to be thermic component. That being considered the chief intent of insularity is to conserve fuel and power in new home. It prevents the incursion of conditions to the internal surface of the wall. The added benefit of cut downing the proprietors carbon footmark by bettering the energy-efficiency of the place means that this is of great importance. This creates the advantage of dramatically cut downing the sum of heat needed for the life infinite. This means that unless heat is already generated by a heat pump the likeliness is that the place will necessitate gas, oil, coal or gas to bring forth heat. These all have their impact on the environment so decrease of usage is needed. The external wall is non merely for the inter benefit as a good external wall can add great beauty to the visual aspect of the edifice. Pitched RoofPitched roof is a type of the ceilings which consists of two surfaces slotted together from the terminal top of the walls to meet together in the top such as a corner ( jointly called roof ) required by the nature of the design and the type of building. The usage of such roofs is popular in countries of high rates of rain or snow and the chief intent of a pitched roof is to protect the house from the air current ( upwind opposition ) , rain and redirect H2O and snow every bit much as possible to conserve heat inside the house.Types of Roof Coverings:Asphalt Shingles, the asphalt herpes zosters still standard because they are economical, used on most roofs in many colorss, and may last for long clip.Metal, such as Steel, aluminum and Cu characterized solidness and low care.Wood Herpes zosters and Shakes, as friend of environment and is a popular pick for placesConcrete or Plain Tiles, tile is easier to utilize than concrete and roofing tiles are fire-retardant and easy to repair itSlate, it is really expensive but beautiful and resists fire and mold.There are two basic traditional types of pitched roof:Purlin pitched roof ( cut roof ) / Cut roof lumbers are made on site and edifice up the roof utilizing balks, ridge boards, joists and purlins where they are fixed in the locationRafter pitched roof ( truss roof ) / they are designed in the mill so delivered to put ready and complete and merely erected. Furthermore each type could be warm deck or cold deck.Trussed Rafters this type of roof is largely used for lodging and is presently designed by specializers in the industrial companies by utilizing computing machine design. After the completion of the design, the roof is moved to the site and easy installed in the specified topographic point. Trussed Rafters are fast and easy to sit and moreover can be designed so adding more suites in the roof is possible, called Attic trusses. So the recommendation would be to utilize Attic Truss ( room in the roof ) type of tied balks because it is speedy and easy to sit on site, roll uping in the mill as a fit quality for Attic trusses, specially designed to transport all extra weight. Roof truss exposures The benefits of Trussed Rafters:Suitable for many types of the roof constructionsFast building and on clip bringing which is cheaper than other due to the ready constituentsEasier repairing so non as much workSimple industry process’ cut down the emanations and pollutionThermal dielectric is better than others and more flexible than many other methods of roof buildingDecisionThe Pitched Roof is a really of import subdivision of the house so it must be built good, strong, stable and lasting. This means that the house will be protected from the outer clime factors such as the Sun, the air, the rain and snow. This besides will intend that the the spread of fire from house to house is reduced as the insularity will maintain the heat inside the house. This will back up warmth every bit much as possible because it is the chief country from the house where heat loss may go on. Pitched Roofs are able to back up tonss ( weights ) , the incline of the roof has a chief consequence on the aesthetics and the right coloring material is selected it will give the place a beautiful form. MentionsL1A Conservation of fuel and power in new homes hypertext transfer protocol: //australbricks.com/sustainability/the-benefits-of-bricks/ hypertext transfer protocol: //source4me.co.uk/calculate_cavity_wall.php hypertext transfer protocol: //www.glengery.com/brick-products? utm_source=glengerybrick.com & amp ; utm_medium=domain-referral & amp ; utm_campaign=301-redirect hypertext transfer protocol: //australbricks.com/getmedia/256750aa-5b5d-4e15-94e2-9cf896a23b73/Bricks-For-Living-Brochure.aspx/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.markgroup.co.uk/homeowners/insulation/cavity-wall-insulation? gclid=CPKMrd7A-cECFRMatAod0DsAjA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.planningportal.gov.uk/permission/commonprojects/externalwalls/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unitedinsulations.co.uk/cavity-wall-insulation-faq hypertext transfer protocol: //www.homeworksenergy.co.uk/external-wall-insulation/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greenhus.co.uk/about-external-wall-insulation/benefits-of-external-wall-insulation/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ask-hanson.com/u-value-calculator.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.diydata.com/general_building/roof_construction/roof_construction.php hypertext transfer protocol: //www.planningportal.gov.uk/permission/commonprojects/roof/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.builditgreen.co.uk/products-services/roof-finishes.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tra.org.uk/trussed-rafters.php? id=30 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fforest.co.uk/PDFs/wolf_systems_trussed_rafter_technical_manual.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.trada.co.uk/images/onlinebooks/7E93B0B4-0131-475E-8C39-563AD4FBF9E9/ hypertext transfer protocol: //great-home.co.uk/a-guide-to-roof-construction/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kingspaninsulation.co.uk/Services/Technical-Services-Department/U-value-Calculations.aspx Mike, R ; Alison, C ( 2014 ) .Construction Technology 1: House Construction. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Hampshire: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. 276-294. Numan Samha 1420688

Elements and Genre Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elements and Genre - Assignment Example It fulfills all expectations of romantic comedy movies without crossing genres. The movie The Imaginarium of Parnassus is an example of a science-fiction movie. Such movies have characteristics of high levels of imagination of things not likely to happen in reality. This movie qualifies to be in this genre since we find this aspect with the images formed. These include; enchanting meadows, mysterious forests that have ladders that go all the way to the sky and floating nymphs. Like the movie above, it fulfills all expectations of movies of this genre without crossing genres. Another film, Moulin Rouge – Silly Love Songs is an example of a music movie. The movie is full of sumptuous music and dance. The setting is the Montmartre Quarter of Paris. This movie fulfills all expectations of the movies of this genre. However, it crosses its genre since it has aspects of romance. It follows the love life of a poet who falls in love with Moulin Rouge meaning its genre can also be a romance

Should Gays be Allowed to Adopt Children Research Paper

Should Gays be Allowed to Adopt Children - Research Paper Example They study. They work, and pay their taxes just as the heterosexuals do. There is no distinct quality that a heterosexual has that one would find missing in either a gay man or a lesbian. Gays and lesbians exhibit all the qualities that society feels should be observed. Qualities such as responsibility, ability to love, and trustworthiness et cetera. These are the qualities one should look at when deciding who is capable and who is not capable to adopt a child (Brodzinsky 165). Looking at sexuality is the same as looking at a person’s religion or political affiliation in order to determine their ability to adopt. It is wrong. The public should accept that apart from their sexual orientation the gays and lesbians are equal in every way to heterosexuals. There is no reason to deny them their adoption rights. If, the society does deny them this right, it would blatantly be exhibiting discrimination to sexuality which would lead to a rise in discrimination (Jackson 84). This discr imination would be against race, religion, gender et cetera. These are the exact vices the society has been trying all along to eradicate. In the United States alone, as of today only few states permit full legal adoption by the gays and lesbians with also a few states totally making it illegal for them to adopt. The other states are in a gray area. This is because the issue of adoption gets handled by the state courts which give their rulings also based on the state laws and depending on the judges and clerks. Some judges are liberal and permit these kinds of adoption whereas others are conservative hence do not allow for such adoptions to take place. States that permit gay and lesbian adoptions include Indiana, New York, California, Maine, Illinois, Connecticut, Oregon and Arkansas. This adoption is illegal in states like Louisiana and Arkansas. Others like Utah allow for a single person to adopt. At the same time prohibiting adoption by people who are cohabiting i.e., not in a le gally binding marriage. Since it does not allow gay marriages, it is practically making gay adoption hard to be successful (Brodzinsky 177). The antagonists view to laws that permit gay and lesbian adoption has little basis of argument to their case. The group believes that a child would benefit more growing up with a father and mother figure both involved in their upbringing. The group goes ahead to claim to allow such adoptions to occur undermines the balanced way of child rearing. On the other hand, protagonists to this ideology believe that a child does not need a distinct male and female parent as their role models when growing up. They argue reiterate that what the child needs is love, care and compassion from both parents. Some studies have shown that a child who gets raised by gay and lesbian parents on issues that society cares about nowadays such as school performance, self-esteem, social adjustment et cetera seem to statistically indistinguishable from those children rais ed by married heterosexual couples (Brodzinsky 123). The protagonists argue that promotion of the set up of a nuclear family should be avoided. This is because the world today is changing. This fact should encourage society not to cling onto the traditional family models of the past. The ideology of a nuclear family with a married father and mother is no longer the sole acceptable alternative. The reason countries are beginning to award legal rights to such couples is because they

Securing Critical Infrastructures and Cyber Systems Assignment

Securing Critical Infrastructures and Cyber Systems - Assignment Example rrespondence to securing our cyberspace will eventually affect how safe and secure we are as a country and the benefits our country will reap from this digital era. Infrastructure control systems face risks because of system vulnerabilities, cyber threats and grave probable effect of attacks as displayed by reported incidents. Cyber threats can be targeted or untargeted, intentional or not and come from numerous places. Control systems are nowadays more vulnerable to cyber-attacks because of numerous reasons, counting the increased connectivity of systems through the internet. From evidences of past control attacks, it is clear that effect on critical infrastructure is vast. In 2003 for instance, a computer virus shut down the train signaling system all through the East Coast. In 2006, a foreign hacker planted malicious software that had the ability of affecting a water treatment plant’s operations. Infrastructure owners face organizational and technical challenges to securing control systems. Technical challenges include restricted processing abilities, design constraints and real-time operations all of which deter the owner’s ability to implement information technology security processes. Organizational defies which include difficulty in coming up with convincing business case for capitalizing in security and contradictory priorities of information security personnel and engineers. Numerous private sector acts such as standard setting associations and trade associations are putting up efforts to aid in securing control systems. The efforts put forth by the private sector entities include, providing guidance to members, developing standards and hosting workshops on security of control systems. For instance, the electricity industry recently advanced standards for the cyber security of their control systems and a trade association (gas) is in the process of developing gu idance to members to use encryption as a security measure to protect control

Future of Nanotechnology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Future of Nanotechnology - Research Paper Example With the advancement in the field of nanotechnology, it has been noticed that even the human organs can be regenerated with the application of technology of nano-thin sheets. The regeneration of the human organs is done by layering the thin sheets of tissues which are specifically created with the help of nano-order thin sheets. It should also be noted that the risk of any medical complication have been relatively decreased by large as nano technology has come at the medical forefront. This is mainly because the layers are created by selecting the cells from the patient’s own body (Newell-McGloughlin and Re 2011). This minimized the risk of transplantation reactions, which have been noted in the traditional approaches of regeneration of human organs. Another important fact to be noted here is that with the increase of medical therapies through the aid of nanotechnology, it is being considered that the pace of surgeries is more likely to increase. Consequently, this will help i n the positive patient outcome and lowered risk of health complications (Newell-McGloughlin and Re 2011). Followed by the previously discussed applications of nanotechnology in human life, it should also be discussed that nanotechnology has also made a great contribution in the automobile industry. The reward of the application of nanotechnology in the field of automobile is its light weight of automobiles. Nanotechnology is also useful to produce hydrogen ions from fuels such as, menthol in order to reduce the cost of catalysts in fuels. Intellectuals have noticed that companies with the help of nanoparticles started making batteries. There are two types of batteries on which companies are working these days (Dvorsky 2012). Convention batteries, which will efficiently work, after charging it for a long time and another one is a battery which can be charged in short time, but it works for many hours. Fuel consumption has also been reduced with the help of advancement in nanotechnolo gy. It helps to produce fuel for low-grade raw material, which helps increase the mileage of engines. Moreover, researchers have observed that space flights have become more practical and advanced with the help of nanotechnology (Dvorsky 2012). c. Nanotechnology and Micro machines: Currently, researchers have noticed that nanotechnology has given rise to micro robotic system and development of this system can be observed

David Lindsay-Abaire's Rabbit Hole Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

David Lindsay-Abaire's Rabbit Hole - Essay Example Even though Lindsay-Abaire foregrounds the intensity of Becca and Howie’s loss, he strongly puts forward the necessity to overcome their mourning in order to survive and appreciate life. Through the plot, the characterization, the setting and the theme, the audience perceives that Lindsay-Abaire encourages people not to let grief destroy their lives. The plot turns around the interaction between the main characters, but it especially points out the effects Danny’s tragic death has on his parents, Becca and Howie, and even on other members of the family. Killed in a tragic accident, Danny’s death causes much grief to the family and has a negative effect on the relationship between the members, especially between Becca and Howie. Even though both parents deeply suffer from the loss, each of them has a different way to express his/ her bereavement. The following statement informs: â€Å"With sly judiciousness, Lindsay-Abaire layers fragments from each segment of th eir years together into the story, letting us learn by indirection about the accident, the family's life before it, the couple's shattered condition now† (Feingold). In fact, it is through the characters’ interaction that the audience learns about the mourning and evaluates the impact the grief has on their everyday life. Becca is so involved with mourning the loss of her son that she cannot fully enjoy the fact that her sister Izzy is going to have a baby whereas she lost her child. Moreover, her relationship with her husband is even more estranged since they have stopped having sexual relations. Becca’s bereavement for her son does not even allow her to have sex because she will not let any moment of joy interfere with her grief. She even fails to feel some empathy for her mother, Nat, who also lost a son. She feels her pain is unique and cannot be compared to any other loss. Even though Howie is also suffering, he handles his mourning more decently. Lindsay-Ab aire chooses a very specific characterization which reveals the destruction that Becca and Howie’s grief causes to their relationship, and he advocates an imminent need for change. All the main characters in the play feel the impact of the mourning on themselves and on their relationships with the others. Becca used to be a very strong professional woman and a mother until the fatal accident that took her son rendered her psychologically vulnerable. Commenting about her, this author states â€Å"Becca is an enlightened woman whose coping mechanisms clearly are being tested to their limits. We learn she was successful in her former job but that motherhood redefined her as a person, leaving her now feeling rootless, purposeless and empty† (Rooney). She feels a deep grief that impacts everything in her life, including her relationship with her husband who is very caring and tries to dissimilate his loss by watching Danny’s videos. Despite his own bereavement, Howie finds the strength to console his wife and suggests a therapist to help her out. However, his sadness comes out during their arguments leading him to accuse Becca of attempting to erase any sign of Danny. Referring to the tension within the couple James MacKillop argues:

Advanced Systems Design Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Advanced Systems Design Project - Essay Example among other control devices attached to it. Consequently, the device and provide the service and size requirement for the device. Therefore, the paper will provide the architecture, module, and operation of the automated landscape topography device that will help the surveying operators to survey their field autonomously. The machine will collect the information and measure the size of the landscape. The machine will operate by closely monitoring the landscape where the land surveyors and the operators can mitigate the size of the landscape. The device will operate silently and take readings of the landscape on the specific monitoring points that are installed on the landscape. The device will take measurements on day to day basis and will detect errors that might occur on their reading. The information will then be sent to the project remotely. The equipment will need a power source and the operators will work hand in hand with the owners of the property on how the power outlet will be accessed. The reason behind implementing the system is to collect the information of a landscape and also measure the movement of the building and its landscape. The equipment will also closely monitor the landscape and the building and mitigate some of the potential damages that might occur on the landscape. The automatic device instrument will function by detecting the latitude and altitudes through various process. The detection of the energy that will be emitted will be important in coming up with topographical maps. However the device will only be able to detect a specific location that it will cover for the map. The efficiency of the device will vary from one instrument to the other. It is assumed that the device will only be able to see specific sections of the landscape. Therefore, it will be important to extrapolate the right landscape from the one that is tabulated. The device will also be in a position to measure the angle. The

Poem analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Poem analysis - Assignment Example The play has critical symbols, the cage, the bird, and the knot. The cage symbolizes the marriage that Minnie is trapped in. Her husband, John Wright, controls what she can and cannot have or experience, which is why he killed Minnie’s bird. The bird is Minnie. She used to sing like the bird. She also used to be free and have friends. After being married, John puts her in her rightful place as a woman- a place of constant submission. When the bird dies, her spirit dies too. Finally, at the end, when Mrs. Hale tells the County Attorney that Minnie was going to â€Å"knot† the quilt, she refers to both the rope that Minnie put around her husband’s neck and the silence that Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale will preserve on their knowledge about the bird that reveals Minnie’s state of mind and potential motive. The play is saying that justice does not always come through men’s ways of investigation. These women became the jury for Minnie. They served as the police investigator and judge, where they knew that John deserves to die because he killed Minnie first. Their brand of justice may not be legal, but they followed what they thought was fair to women who live in a world that men control and where women are

I can read letters on topics within my areas of academic or Essay

I can read letters on topics within my areas of academic or professional speciality or interest and grasp the most important points - Essay Example Their heirs to obstruction continue in the attempt today. Their burden is greater because of progress that was achieved by Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, and Obama. Obama, especially, is responsible for heaping coals of fire on the heads of his political opponents who will not accept the fact that he was, twice, elected president and was able to provide health care to millions, both against great odds. I continue to be amazed by President Obama’s ability to continue his work with grace and dignity in the face of an onslaught of lies, contempt, obstruction, and insults. It is a lesson to any who will observe him with an open mind that we must not repay his offenders in kind, even when we are witness to abusive and retaliatory actions by them when they gain power. The letter on political tolerance focuses on the opposition faced by presidents in the United States. The writer sends the letter in a bid to advocate for tolerance, patience and dignity in political dealings. One section focuses on the hatred geared towards Mr. Hoover during his tenure. The writer recalls the mother’s advice that political intolerance causes hate and serves little in problem solving. The letter mentions that President Roosevelt encountered several challenges form his opposition. His view of progress was often received as controversial and wrong for the American people. In the same manner, presidents like Kennedy, Johnson and Barrack Obama often faced similar opposition. The letter then focuses on Obama and praises the president for his response towards his opposition. Specifically, the writer acknowledges the president’s re-election to office and his resilience despite bitter politics. The letter concludes that a great leader responds to opposition wi th kindness and tolerance. The letter sparks interest as it addresses an issue of key concern in America politics. Political divide along ideology is expected in every

Developed Country and American Means Essay Example for Free

Developed Country and American Means Essay For hundreds of years the United States has been attracting immigrants from a variety of different countries, races, and religions to come live in a land full of freedom and opportunity. These people were looking for more than just rights and privileges. Their real desire was to become something that depicts pride and honor, an American. Being an American means much more than living in the United States to me. It means to me having freedom of speech to express your own opinion, freedom of religion, and equality for all, including different sexes, races, religions and status. But most of all it means having different benefits such as, being proud of the privileges we possess, it means a sense of pride for our country , and to be able to choose. First being an American means to me is to be proud of the privileges we possess because many other countries are not fortunate enough to have all these freedoms. Our freedoms are what set Americans apart from other citizens. Americans have the opportunity to acquire a good education and receive a satisfying career. Apart from some countries, American people of all different races and religions can live and work together because everyone is allowed an equal opportunity. This is what being an American means to me. Next being an American means to me that we are united with a sense of pride for our country. All Americans should be proud of what the United States has accomplished. Our country has become a major influence to other countries. For example country like Korea, Japan and China all have things that they try to do the way we do here in America. Our country is the most developed, wealthy, and most advanced country in the world. On the other hand, there are some barriers that divide the American people. But what being an American means to me is too able to choose, no matter who you are. A major dispute found among Americans is political issues. Some Americans may favor the Democratic Party as some Americans may favor the Republican Party. People will have different opinions on issues in their community, and this could cause friction or barriers between the groups. A common example of this division is the ongoing dispute over prohibiting abortion. Americans are divided into two groups over this issue. Pro-life members believe abortion is a wrong and should not be done, and pro-choice members believe that the woman deserves a choice to keep her baby. Although it is very uncommon Americans can seldom be divided by religion or race, but this division is never an extreme occurrence or conflict. But all of this defines me as an American. I have the right to choose what every I want too no matter how others may feel. Being an American has a lot of meaning to me, freedom of speech to express your own opinion, freedom of religion, and equality for all, including different sexes, races, religions and status. By studying our history we could get a better understanding of what being an American means to me. I think it is very important that all Americans study the history of their country because many important and altering events happened hundreds of years before we were born. All Americans should be reminded of what our country and its people have endured. After all the conditions we live in today are the effects of our past.

Evaluating NATO Intervention in Kosovo

Evaluating NATO Intervention in Kosovo INTERNATIONAL LAW NATOs MISSION in KOSOVO ABSTRACT In the course of the NATO mission and its ramifications to people all over the world, a number of literature depicting this issue and concerns in international laws and national security have been widespread. This seminar paper endeavors to explore the details surrounding the legitimacy of NATO in the war indicated as the NATO mission in Kosovo by providing an analysis with regard to the facts surrounding NATO intervention and deliberating on the future implications that this mission hold in respect to international law. INTERNATIONAL LAW NATOs MISSION in KOSOVO Introduction When a terrorist captures people and turns them into hostages in their very homeland and the law enforcement or armed forces storm in violently causing havoc to the country, they will be placing the hostages more at risk. What is worse and more irresponsible would be to gain entry into another area of the vicinity since it is more secure and there is no terrorist present and begins to damage things valuable to the inhabitants. Such an approach would look as if preferably considered to position the hostages in the most likely risk. Nobody in his right mind concerned about the security of the hostages would conduct an operation this way, nevertheless it is precisely the approach followed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is also referred to as the North Atlantic Alliance. It is an international governmental organization military alliance founded on the North Atlantic Treat. The organization holds a system to maintain a collective security, of which affiliates had declared to be in agreement to mutual defense taking action against an attack from an outside force. While NATO attempted to rapidly put in force peace efforts in Kosovo, the way that the organization performs its actions received unsympathetic criticisms. Merely for the reason that the administration by Milosevic was obviously in gross contravention of a number of international laws did not outright give good reason for any reaction devoid of rigorous examination and analysis. This analysis endeavors to explore the details surrounding the legitimacy of NATO in the war indicated as the NATO mission in Kosovo by responding to the research question; was NATO intervention in Kosovo just, and what are the future implications that this mission hold in respect to international law? NATO Mission in Kosovo The objectives of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on the subject of the tension in Kosovo were explained in the declaration delivered during the very particular conference by the North Atlantic Council conducted at NATO were confirmed by different Heads of State and the Government in Washington. Consequently, the objectives of NATO regarding the conflict in Kosovo were concretely outlined. (The NATO Press Release 1999, Sc. 1-3) These were indicated in the Statement of the Chairman, Resolution 1244 (1999) Annex 1. A succinct overview of The Washington Declaration takes account of NATO objectives which in summary suggests a confirmable discontinue of all military engagement and the abrupt eradication of violent behavior and subjugation; the pulling out from Kosovo of the armed forces, law enforcement, and assisting official military forces; the posting of international military presence in Kosovo; the unrestricted and safety of all refugees and displaced persons coming back and unconstrained access of humanitarian aid organizations to those individuals; and the formation of a political agenda arrangement for Kosovo based on the Rambouillet Accords (Beckert 1999, p.16), to conform with the international law and the Charter of the United Nations. (The NATO Press Release, 1999) Distinctions between alliances and coalitions This analysis endeavors to explore the details surrounding the legitimacy of NATO in the war indicated as the NATO mission in Kosovo. The focus of this paper is on current events, but it also delves on thehistory oftherelationshipconsideringtheoreticalapproachesand concepts. Current affairs of the Atlantic Community are embeddedintheir historicalevolution. They cannot be comprehensively elucidated without theoreticalconstructs.Therefore, in an endeavor to encompass all essential elements and raise law-oriented and theoretical notions, it is imperative to tackle the distinctions between alliances and coalitions in consideration of the NATO organization. The attacks in 2001 that shocked the whole world were construed in a variety of ways by different nations as well as local and international organizations. Numerous states in the country had initiated their readiness to be included in responding to measures opposed to terrorism. The finishing off of the Cold War and the departure of a fired up antagonism has altered the strategies to security cohesion on the part of allied states. Furthermore, the unmatched standing of the United States as an excessively active force in the most indistinct implication has dealt American strategists with a predicament since conventional alliances may present both advantages and disadvantages. Progressively more, the disadvantages have succeeded. In political terms, the possibilities of accomplishing harmony among the twenty-six member states of NATO have diminished. Harmony, at one time the high point of Alliance cohesion, has become now impossible and unnecessary. (Yost, 1998) Coalitions of the disposed can be generated from within a much unrestricting miscellany of states, and the uncertainty occurs if the Alliance is now turning out to be an instrument for the conveyance of a discriminatory European allegiance to an American inclusive order of a global scale. According to Steinberg (2003, p. 115), NATO had referred to Article V, a combined defense specification. Other international organizations conveyed their pronouncement to partake within the collective endeavor to buoy up the movement against terrorism. Beginning in the year 2002, the initial operations of Romanian groups, for instance, to unite with the Coalition Forces in Operation Enduring Freedom, Afghanistan, has embodied an ultimate pace in the Eastern European countries to become affiliates of NATO. Since that period, various countries of sorts have taken on a new structure of values in the course of their desire to form a junction with the association of democracy and freedom. The conflicts feature has been changed fundamentally in recent years owing to the asymmetrical distinctiveness of defiance. In addition, from the standpoints of the new-fangled international challenges, the increasing emergent of international organizations and local measures, it is apparent that there is necessity of general principles, norm, and regulations for its class of organizations. (Steinberg 2003, p. 130) NATOs main role in nations it focuses on is to assist the existing government in putting into effect and broadening its influence and authority across the country, overlaying the means for renewal and operative governance. The organization accomplishes this predominately by way of its United Nations authorization for International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). From the moment NATO had assumed command of ISAF in the year 2003, the Alliance has progressively stretched out the scope of its mission, formerly just limited to Kabul, to encompass Afghanistans entire territory. The number of ISAF groups has increased correspondingly from the preliminary five thousand to more or less eighty thousand troops which had come from forty-four nations that comprise all twenty-eight NATO members. (Hamilton, 2004) The waning of NATO had been prognosticated a lot of times subsequent to the ending of the Cold War and with even more after the devastation aggravated by Iraq warfare seven years prior. The composers of NATO recordings are not in concurrence with regard to the causes of downfall which vary from unevenness of power to conflicting world views encompassing the Atlantic, but they have the same opinion with regard to NATO, at the same time still remains, is in effect demise. The decision makers of the Alliance had learned to distinguish and perform within the limits within which the Alliance is supposed to function if it is to carry on. This is noteworthy. During the latter part of the 1990s, political determination and reality had conflicted in Kosovo, bringing forth NATOs most terrible post-Cold War catastrophe. Since the devastation, NATO had prepared for a Riga summit which continued with the investments completed since the Prague summit of Allied leaders concerning NATOs conversion i nto a twenty-first century alliance. Indicated ambitions had aligned with reality and NATO had been supposed to be on the right track for revitalization. (Hursoy Esrin, 2004) In consideration of aligning aspiration with reality, the involvement in Kosovo in 1999 had demonstrated a number of symptoms of melancholy within the Alliance and it was in the response of the Allies to this move that it was found the reasons why NATO is directed for restitution. The involvement of NATO in Kosovo had progressed into an unpredictably long-drawn-out less significant air war, which caused the Allies to oppose NATO approach, the United States to assume that military operations had to be coursed beyond the cooperative entities of NATO, and European Allies to sustain the European Unions new security and defense policy (ESDP). (Meyer 2004, pp. 90-91) The intervention of NATO corresponded to the conclusion of nearly ten long years of political casual interest with the aspiration of unification in a range of pretexts that Europe has to be undivided and emancipated, the democratic community has to be broadened, NATO has to act as solitary, and NATO has to exemplify and through its actions characterize unanimous democratic and humanitarian principles. Furthermore, devoid of a tactical intimidation, these compulsions and objectives as expected led into the attempt to make NATO a united security organization for Europe. Kosovo was only this test occurrence of which NATO took action with no mandate from the United Nation and had laid assertion to legitimacy. (Mayer 2004, p. 93) Subsequently, realities had then succeeded. The Allies had found not just that they were not prepared to actually wage war for these values, hence the nonexistence of a ground war, but also that principles are no replacement for politics and the welfare they engender; hence, the arguments within NATO. These occurrences had stimulated a transformation of movement in NATO. The arrangements for the 2002 Prague Summit and the renovation program that was reorganized in Riga correspond to an alliance of ambition with reality. (Croft 2002, p.98) The initial point is not the aspiration to take action united but the necessity to construct an Alliance that remains united but takes action flexibly in coalitions determined by interests and means. There are by then positive signs of transformation. The NATO Response Force, reforming the new force structure concentrated on all set and organized forces; the sinewy of the command assembly and reserves prepared in itinerant headquarters below the rank of strategic authority; and the new political focal point on irregular intimidations that come from beyond the European constituency. They indicate that NATO imply seriousness of concern when it opts to make an matter its concern, and they guarantee that Allies who decide to lend a hand in certain missions will be able to accomplish it. NATO is a preferred alliance, which indicates that its renewal is bound to happen. It will come about when decision-makers make the appropriate choices as they have already done. (Jones, 2005, p. 15) Theoretical/Conceptual Framework This analysis with regard to the NATO mission in Kosovo related to transatlantic relations focuses on current events and references with history to the relationship, to theoretical approaches and concepts. This will commence examination of documentary resources such as literature reviews, articles, theses, research projects, among others. In addition, the study will examine the data through surveys, observations and core personality interviews from where originally obtained. Collection of pertinent data from the various sources of statistical data, the number of deaths caused by the conflict, and number of families removed from their homes, and so on is explored. Overall, this analysis looks on various classes of data that are gathered and studies conducted to distinguish patterns and put together assumptions that might guide future action. Coalitions and alliances are fundamental attributes of international security. (Papp, 1984) This analysis examines these directly associated observable facts by means of an amalgamation of conceptual frameworks to explore them and empirical research studies to demonstrate them. The examination commences with an exploration of the problematic distinctive issues that envelop the distinctions between ‘alliance and ‘coalition, then outlines the major conceptual theoretical works pertinent to examining these phenomena, such as balance of power, intra-alliance politics, and multinational processes. Outfitted with these investigative tools, these concepts may be applied to this study of details surrounding the legitimacy of NATO in the war and the future implications that this mission hold in respect to international law. Through the process of investigating various literatures and peer-reviewed articles, as well as current events in recent years will gain both a conceptual and practicable understanding of supposed The United Nations Development Programmes Human Development Report of 1994 initially purported the conception of ‘human security. This is commonly known as â€Å"people-centered security or security with a human face.† (Thomas 2000, p. 6) Human security situates people instead of the states at the center of security matters. (Howorth, 2005) This framework delves on the aspects of human security which include freedom from desire; freedom from terror; and the freedom to settle with dignity. It regards the challenging nature of the conception and evaluates its importance for being aware of the development of the security discipline. Some literatures and resources delves particularly on human security concerns associated with terrorism, subjugation, warfare, humanitarian interventi on, and the responsibility to safeguard doctrine, as well as the framework of international governance for progressing human security in terms of international laws. (Hursoy Esrin, 2004) Peacetime alliance behaviors and the standards of carrying out military operations when necessary in conjunction with allies seem to be the existing principles within provisions of international laws. This seminar paper will include an emphasis on NATO and the role of various countries as well as international organizations as alliance or coalition collaborators in historical and contemporary conflicts. In addition, this seminar paper also takes into account the developing nature of security in the perspective of international politics. It centers on peer-reviewed articles about non-military challenges to security at the same time recognizing the associations between these and conventional security matters. Among the subject matter being deliberated in various literatures include international law and security; the privatization and economics related to security; energy resources; environmental problems; population dynamics; gender and age standpoints on security; the predicaments of frail and weakening states; transnational organized crime; and new methods of warfare. The general purpose of the study is to take account of issues and points of view that confront the way security is conventionally identified with. It is imperative to identify the different elements that comprise the concept of human security being tackled in this study as future actions in terms of international laws on warfare are considered. The primary essential element is the likelihood of the general public to settle in harmony and security within their individual boundaries. This involves the facility of states and the people to thwart and get to the bottom of conflicts by means of diplomatic and non-violent processes and, when the discord is terminated, the capability to successfully implement reconciliation activities. The next element is that people must benefit from non-discriminatory implementation of rights and obligations which include human, political, social, economic, as well as cultural rights that being a citizen of a state implies. Another element is social inclusion or the idea of obtaining equated access to the political, social, and economic law-making processes, and to gain the same benefits from them. T he next element is that of the institution of the rule of law and the autonomy of the justice system. (Ogata, 1998) Every member of a society must have equal rights and obligations and be under similar set of guidelines. According to a statement delivered by Ogata (1998), these fundamental elements which are derived from the conception of equality of all before the law, in effect get rid of any threat of uncertainty which so repeatedly makes itself apparent in discrimination, exploitation, or subjugation. Following these conflicts, a new-fangled understanding of the conception of security is developing. Once upon a time tantamount to the protection of territory from external onslaught, the necessities of security in the present day have come to take on the security of communities and persons from internal aggression. The necessity for a more human-centered outlook to security is strengthened by the enduring threats that armaments of mass destruction, subjugation, hostility, among others pose to humanity of which their very label discloses their capacity and their anticipated purpose if they were ever utilized. Society has to open up its prospect of what is peace and security. Peace suggests much more than the nonexistence of war. Human security cannot be comprehended in absolutely military means. Preferably, it must include economic progress, social justice, environmental security, autonomy, reduction in arms, and valuing of human rights and laws. Narrative of the Political/Policy Theme Yugoslavia was formed mainly for defense purposes; however, as MacMillan (2001, 111-3) asserts, the Serbs had wanted more than what they had. They desired for Serbia to become the principal and governing force in Yugoslavia. Macedonia and Slovenia had not continued to get involved in the federation for the reason that Milosevic yearned to converge all his influence where he would gain collaboration and significant cooperation. Any location where there was an amply hefty Serbian inhabitants, whom he could supply with weapons to construct a Greater Serbia, he favors that, and in mind for Milosevic as Head of State. (Ignatieff 2001, p. 48) Following the mass execution at Sarajevo and Srebrenica, the Dayton Accords were approved. This event had directed NATO to pay a visit to Milosevic as a gentleman they could transact with, since at Dayton, he so amiably dealt Sarajevo for the Muslims, deceiving the Serbs at Bosnia. Nonetheless, Milosevic intentionally left Kosovo and was not part of the contract. The harsh negotiation given by NATO had not been successful in taking the Bosnian war offenders answerable to what happened to Sarajevo and Srebrenica into custody. Hence, Milosevic expected it would keep on making dialogues which concern human rights and do not a thing about it. (Ignatieff 2001, pp. 50-51) Almost half a decade of redundant intimidations appeared to substantiate ideas in peoples minds. NATO had looked disinclined engage in warfare for its principles. But NATO did. There have been casualties even before the intervention, and as it progressed and criticized by many, fatalities seemed to add up until its termination some years ago. At the same time as the nuclear upsurge had been stalled during the 1970s and 1980s, and industrialized nations recognized that they required traditional weaponry, not strong ones which are useless, they had pursued a new kind of equipment. The ascent of moral as well as human rights discourse in terms of security had elevated the standards of artillery to reduce collateral damage and diminish or get rid of the risks to individuals and entities using them. These transformations had resulted to arsenal that would strike the targets with great precision, and cause not that much devastation within the sphere of the targets surroundings. (Ignatieff 2001, p. 163) Interested parties had continued this endeavor by creating a number of technological innovations. Lasers had enhanced precision targeting; computer gadgets had started to make use of satellites to hit targets with accuracy; propulsion systems had improved the reach of missiles and bombs were prepared to be less harmful to people. This indicated that both the person making the target as well as the onlookers who are often civilians were more secured; and automated drones to make close watch activities safe for those who flew the planes. (Ignatieff 2001, p. 166) Precision weaponry comprised only eight percent of the explosives that were used in Iraq; and so far, some new missile types could do greater feats far from what were previously created. The regulated threatening features, the dangers it got rid of in support of the major players and the crucial repercussions for the adversaries have improved weaponry. (Ignatieff 2001, p. 167) The opponents had a good idea that if the Americans utilized such equipment and expertise, which was far more advanced than majority of the other weaponry in the world, it would need the same technology, which most nations do not have the capacity to obtain, to thrash them out during battle. Responsibility to Protect refers to a manuscript issued by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. (Commission, 2001) This specifies the rights as well as responsibilities of states in terms of interventions to stop huge numbers of fatalities. (Commission 2001, XII) It specifies four protective doctrines that intervening authorities have to wear out prior to procuring military combat. On the basis of the Responsibility to Protect, any relevant personality should have arbitrated to halt the combating. They had used up tactful means like peace talk actions, trade prohibitions, premeditated separation of Serbs and Albanians (Ignatieff 2001, pp. 25, 32-4), but all these to no purpose. Evidently, Milosevic was not settling. He was anticipating that, either of two things. That NATO would not continue on its intimidations or that, if the organization did, he may breach the Alliance and the support of the Western public for the involvement before it attained its objectives. (Ignatieff 2001, pp. 48, 59-66) Kosovo is situated in southern Serbia comprised mostly of ethnic Albanians. It was an autonomous state within the former Yugoslavia. Slobodan Milosevic, the head of Serbia had changed its status in 1989 by eradicating autonomy and had since then been under the control of the Serbian capital, Belgrade. There was a strong opposition expressed by the Kosovar Albanians. Almost ten years after, there have been deaths for around one thousand five hundred Kosovar Albanians and four hundred thousand people forced out of their own residences. (Walker, 2000) The world became grimly concerned regarding the rising conflict, the turnout of deaths, and the danger of it opening out to other nations. Apparently, President Milosevics discount for political interventions intended to peacefully put an end to the problem and the threatening role of the radical Kosovar Albanian forces was also problematical. This resulted to an excessive use of force brought by the Serbian security forces as well as the Yugoslav defending forces. The United Nations Security Council Resolution had turned out to be majorly instrumental but grave situations soon escalated which necessitated renewed international interventions. NATO, as reported had endeavored to make a possible transport of than 4666 tons of food and water supplies, 4325 tons of other provisions, 2624 tons of tents and almost 1600 tons of medical supplies had been brought to the region. It is approximated that 1.5 million citizens or ninety percent of Kosovo population, had been removed from their homes. Some 225,000 Kosovar individuals were reported missing. And there were at the least some five thousand Kosovars who had been executed all through these events. (Walker, 2000) Analysis In the area under discussion with regard to alliances and coalitions that may have influenced NATOs action towards the case of Kosovo, as a critic, may point out coalitions may undercut the Alliance for the reason that in the lack of common or collective risks, alliances appear spaced out. This is purportedly what had occurred in the Iraq War seven years prior. The United States had taken up its contentious course of action in the mission have got to establish the coalition to the situation where NATO virtually relinquished on its treaty obligation. (Jones, 2005) In particular, at the time Turkey in the early part of 2003 had asked for security conferences, which by the way is a natural right by law as stipulated in Article 4. It was these nations, particularly France, Belgium, and Germany which felt a forthcoming American undertaking that followed this appeal to unfasten deadlocked international relations and acquire international reinforcement using NATOs treaty obligations. These allies as a result had opposed NATO discussions in order not to influence UN Security Council negotiations. It had taken discreet resourcefulness to arrive at a concession in those impassioned days. (Jones 2005, p. 17) From the various writings of different personalities with regard to the issue, it is apparent that the means to integrating the Alliance with coalition formation dwells in a continuous strategic discourse delving on all germane issues, in the nonexistence of any simulated constraint. Such a discussion will function to shed light on premeditated matters of interest and put decision-making in order. It will conspicuously rally round the Allies to negotiate among themselves where the Allies may stand prepared to arise a coalition that fulfills their supposed interests will contract to acquire the reinforcement of NATO entirely. This is because they know that eventually they will have need for it. The other Allies will have to negotiate for the reason that it will present them with a chance to structure the coalition without having to take part in it. To cut a long story short, NATO as an alliance can make it possible for coalitions by expounding tactical interests and by presenting a ve nue for negotiations. NATOs so-called â€Å"peace talk actions commenced in Raombouillet, France. In Western media, the Rambouillet Agreement was posted and reported as it was written and no further explanation, probably due to limited investigation. However, Drozdiak (1999) reports the following: â€Å"The principal stumbling block to achieving an agreement at the 12-day-old Kosovo peace talks outside Paris remains the opposition of the Serb-led Belgrade government to accepting a NATO-led force†¦. senior Western officials said†¦. that if Belgrades intransigence thwarts an agreement, it is almost a certainty that NATO airstrikes would begin by early next.† (Drozdiak 1999, p. A01) In this report, the usage of the words â€Å"peacekeeping force† (Drozdiak 1999, p. A01) presents the Belgrade administration as unreasonably stubborn and intractable. Definitely, no personality would want to engage in fighting. Peace is always upheld to maintain harmonization and continuity of daily acts of living. In this line of thought, if NATO had the opinion that it had no other alternative but to pronounce a war, the unyieldingness of Belgrade would be held accountable. There have been assumptions that the Racac supposed massacre accusations were actually clandestinely planned by the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) in collaboration with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and had pointed finger towards the Serbs which was held accountable. The supposed people behind this were those same individuals who demanded the Milosevic affix his signature to the agreement. Apparently, the information indicated in the Rambouillet Agreement, which Milosevic was being directed to put his signature on at gun point, were not once mentioned in the Western media. Actually, the details of the agreement were not even interpreted, just posted. (Drozdiak 1999, p. A01) This is not acceptable in terms of unbiased reporting and transparency. In order to understand the actions performed and decisions made by the Yugoslavs, it must be informed in detail, especially if it is an international crisis that may impact other nations in the future in terms of conflicts and repressio n. The stipulations of the Rambouillet Agreement successfully segregated the region of Kosovo from the Republic of Serbia. This had left the radical members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and had become the regional power. This occurrence was enough reason by itself for any nation not to authorize. No country would care for to sign, under coercion or threat a document arranged by an external authority or foreign power, much less terrorists and intended to take away a portion of the country and particularly the very region considered the structure of the peoples culture. This was not the only evident situation that hinders the authorization many years ago. Some excerpts of the NATO â€Å"peacekeeping force† from the Rambouillet Agreement appear to indicate making NATO as the position of most eminent authority in Yugoslavia. They were insisting to authorize stipulations resembling the terms required by the assaulting Nazis during the Second World War. Sign or we will bomb you,† (Boustany 1999, p. A18) were the supposed words that came from NATO directed to Milosevic. For the reason that the document was aimed like so that it was out of the question to sign, NATO was evidently pronouncing war. In addition, Foreign Minister Vollebaek, Chairman of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has thorough knowledge and good understanding of the agreement. â€Å"The pressure is mounting Knut Vollebaek †¦said yesterday about concerted efforts to subdue Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic into accepting a peace process for Kosovo under threat of a NATO military strike.† (Boustany 1999, p. A18) From this article, it would appear that things were being embellished with a bit of truthfulness. However, this does not make things better. The Rambouillet Agreement was conjured up to be a pronouncement of imminent war, but the mainstream media presented it as a peace talk process. The core personalities behind this comprise Vollebaek as the principal figure in the effort to overcome Milosevic to authorize the supposed â€Å"peace process† being initiated by NATO. Vollebaek and his cohorts asserted that Albanian factions or secessionists including the national groups within Kosovo are nearing to sign the agreement. That is far from the truth. Although some people does not share this sentiment, this had been pervading the thoughts of a lot of people, particularly at the time the situation had been known overseas and had become a major concern of international organizations. From these reports that came from the Washington Post and other media sources, it had appeared as though the media reportage of the nations discord was undeserved and overlooked or to some extent had obscured a lot of significant portions that had taken place during the crisis. The propaganda and blatant abuse of basic rights by the Milosevic administration is well-known and in the main acquiesced. Nonetheless, the majority of the media reports

Business Comparison Of China And USA

Business Comparison Of China And USA This essay critically analyses the differences and similarities between the United States of America and the Republic of China. Firstly, this essay identifies the main theories of intercultural communication by applying Hofstede ´s intercultural framework. Secondly, the Chinese and United States negotiators style will be discussed followed by an explanaition about how to manage negotiation in both countries. Thirdly, the similarities and differences between China and the United States will be compared. Negotiating with the Chinese is an important topic in international business and cross-cultural management since China is playing an increasingly active role in doing business with the western countries [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] negotiating with Chinese is also becoming increasingly important for international business successes in particular, since after China joined WTO in December 2001. (Zhu et al., 2007: 354) The aim of this study is to compare the Chinese and United States American negotiation styles on the general cultural differences to help to get a better understanding when doing business in China or the United States. Chaney and Martin (2004) as cited in Zhu et al. (2007: 355) define cross-cultural negotiation as conversation or discussions of common and conflicting interests between persons of different cultural backgrounds who work to reach an agreement of mutual benefit. International managers can profit from studying similarities and differences in negotiating behaviours to recognize what precisely is happening during the negotiating process (see Appendix A). However, managers first need to understand their own negotiation styles, to understand the similarities and differences in intercultural communications (Deresky, 2000). 2. Intercultural communication and their main theories In 1959 the phrase  ´intercultural communication` was firstly used by the cross-cultural researcher Edward T. Hall as he divides cultures into two types, high-context culture and low-context culture (Aneas and Sandà ­n, 2009; Hall, 1976). Further in 1980 the management researcher Geert Hofstede analysed data from more than 100,000 IBM employees and developed his Cultural Dimensions Model. His theory is based on the assumption of four dimensions: Power Distance Index (PDI), Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV), Masculinity versus Femininity (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) (Powell, 2006). The fifth dimension Long-Term Orientation versus Short-Term Orientation (LTO) was identified by Geert Hofstede and Michael H. Bond in 1988 (Fang, 2003). Finally, Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner developed a model of seven dimensions of culture to help explain intercultural differences. These dimensions are called Universalism versus Particularism, Individualism versus Comm unitarianism, Specific versus Diffuse cultures, Affective versus Neutral cultures, Achievement versus Ascription, Sequential versus Synchronic cultures and Internal versus External control (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 1998). 3. Hofstede ´s intercultural framework In this study the focus is on Hofstede ´s well-established management theory. Figure 1 displays the intercultural framework of Hofstede. According to Hofstede and his model it is of high significance to consider the high cultural differences between Chinese and American people to be successful in doing business across borders. Figure 1: The 5D Model of professor Geert Hofstede Source: Adapted from: Itim International (n.d.). Geert Hofstedeà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Cultural Dimensions [online]. Available at: URL:http://www.geerthofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php? culture1=18culture2=95#compare [Accessed 20 January 2010]. The Power Distance Index (PDI) stands for the hierarchy of power within a society and its general acceptance amongst the countrys people. Chinas ranking is almost 80 which is a very high level compared to United States ranking with 40. The level of inequality of power and wealth is high but, according to Hofstede, accepted by the Chinese society. Thus, that the level of power distance is very high in China, the boss is in the authority and in the position to decide over everything. American culture however allows more equal power and respect for every rank in a business, which means for our business that our Chinese employees will probably need to be educated to make decisions on their own. Regarding Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV) China ranks noticeably low in individualism (20) compared to the United States (91). Consequently, the Chinese culture is strongly collectivist; being integrated into a group is crucial and society values loyalty as well as strong relationships to both friends and family. The high ranking of the United States means that the society is very individualistic. More precisely the integration into groups does not play such a big role as it does in China. Furthermore, we have to consider that in the index of Masculinity (MAS) China arrives at a rank of 66 which could be interpreted as a rather masculine society. Chinese people do not show their feelings and try to be calm in every situation. However, between China and the United States (62) is no big difference. This points out that both countries values assertiveness, success, power and competition. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) shows that the Chinese are rather accepting new uncertain situations than avoiding them (rank 30), so they seem to be more tolerant to different opinions; however, it is not a country that embraces risky situations, it rather accepts them. People in uncertainty- accepting countries usually do not express their feelings. The United States ranks higher (46), which means compared to China the American culture is not open to new situations. People here act influenced by their emotions and tend to be more nervous. Regarding Long-Term Orientation (LTO) it is manifest that Chinese culture is much more committed loyalty to and respect for traditional business strategies than the United States (29). This shows the highest ranking factor worldwide in long-term avoidance (118). Chinese people never want to lose face and are short-term oriented. The United States, on contrast, is a long-term planning country in which thrift, perseverance and persistence are valued to deal with. For instance, to deal with economic changes or with adaptation to new situations. 4. Chinese Negotiators The Chinese business culture is especially affected by the term  ´guanxi` and the notion of saving face. In a culture, which is focused on relationships, it is important who you know. Chinese people get things done through relationships with family, friends and contacts (Gesteland, 1999). Tung and Worm (2001: 521) argues that guanxi refers to relationships among people and that [t]hey are dyadic, personal relations between people who can make demands on each other (see Figure 2). Further,  ´guanxiwang` is the social network in the Chinese business culture and for them it is fundamental to avoid upsetting anyone in the network because it can lead to destabilizing the web of connections (Chee and West, 2007: 57). A key component of  ´guanxi` is the notion of saving face. A Chinese person ´s reputation and social position are based on it. Loosing their face involves reduced social resources, wealth and connections (Ma, 2006). Figure 2: Dyadic relationship in guanxi network Source: Adapted from: Tung, R. L. and Worm, V. (2001). Network capitalism: the role of human resources in penetrating the China market. International Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 517-534. 5. Managing Negotiation with the Chinese To manage negotiation with the people from different cultures it is important to keep in mind that the individuals involved in the negotiation are of different cultures and that there is likely to be some misinterpretations because of their chosen methods of communication (Woo et al., 2001: 351). There are several reasons for the cultural differences. Most of the Chinese business persons are obsessive about price details, because of the fact that China has a traditional agrarian culture. The Communism system and Confucianism, the traditional Chinese way of thinking, affects the negotiation process recognizable through their respect for hierarchical relationships, preservation of face, and group harmony (Chee and West, 2007: pp.97-98). Tung and Worm (2001) as cited in Davison and Ou (2008: 290) suggest Negotiation outcomes depend on the degree of mutual understanding achieved by the transacting partners [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the quality of the guanxi developed during negotiations may actually be more important than either the price or the product quality [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] eventual price or product quality may vary subject to the guanxi. If a person, who is doing business in China, is already in a  ´guanxi` network, this business person has to intensify this relationship. If a business person is not involved in a  ´guanxi` network, then it is important getting into a network and getting in touch with influential Chinese business persons (Holt and Chang, 2009). Furthermore, when negotiating in China, business persons have to be prepared to discuss all issues at the same time and in an apparently disorganised order (Deresky, 2000). 6. United States Negotiators The United States business culture is focused on deals with foreign or unknown people and especially affected by notions prestige, honor, status, dignity and authority (Yabuuchi, 2004: 264). Gesteland (1999: 272) suggests that an American negotiators degree of expressiveness in communication is likely to be strongly influenced by his or her particular ethnic background. For United States business people it is important to be issue-related, objective and time-conscious. However, Zhu et al. (2007: 357) argue that Americans tend to pay less attention to social ranking. 7. Managing negotiation in the United States The United States culture is affected by their immigrant society and that is the reason for the cultural diversity. As mentioned above it is all but impossible to predict and esteem specific the negotiating styles of the United States business people. The business people in the United States are time-conscious because of the fact that they dont waste their valuable time for the company. There exists no allegiance to the company (Chua et al., 2009; Gesteland, 1999). 8. Similarities and Differences between China and the United States After analyzing the negotiation style in China and the United States and its reasons, several similarities as well as differences can be pointed out. First of all, it is important to understand the effect negotiating perceptions have on the negotiating outcomes (see Figure 3). Figure 3: The relationship model Source: Adapted from: Ma, Z. (2006). Negotiating into China: the impact of individual perception on Chinese negotiation styles. International Journal of Emerging Markets. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 64-83. Both countries put emphasis on assertiveness, success, power and competition through their closely index of Masculinity in the intercultural framework of Hofstede. Further, look on Chinas and the United States concession behaviour both countries are doing their utmost to achieve their goal and get as much profits as possible (see Appendix A). According to Hofstede, differences between the two countries can be shown in their Long-Term Orientation. The United States (118) are long-term oriented and China (29) short-term oriented. This means that China is more committed to loyalty to and respect for traditional business strategies than the United States. Furthermore, one of the biggest differences is their decision-making behaviour (see Appendix A). United States business people are known as the fastest decision makers in the world whereas China doesnt rush to take a decision. Finally, both countries have a different pursue a different goal in the negotiation process. For the Chinese it is a kind of dialogue, more precisely an exchange of information. In the United States negotiation is associated with an outcome which could be a contract. 9. Conclusion Summarising the findings and arguments shows that both countries should have an understanding of the traditions and culture. Woo et al. (2007: 351) suggest that [w]hen negotiating with the Chinese it is imperative to be conscious of [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the structural collectivism of those involved in business negotiations. Especially the business people from the United States should be prepared for a long visit when doing business in China. The best way to be successful in China is to build guanxi, which is a time-consuming procedure but essential. The Chinese business people have their focus more and more on the content of the deals and the details of the prices. In comparison to the business negotiation in the United States soft handshakes should be avoided because for some of them it reflects weakness (Gesteland, 1999). Appendix Appendix A: Negotiation Procedures à   Business Protocol Chinese Negotiator United States Negotiator Dress Code à  men: suit, white shirt, conservative tie à  women: conservative suit or dress à  varies somewhat according to location and type of business Meeting and Greeting + soft handshake/ moderate eye contact bone-crushing handshake/ overly direct gaze + firm handshake/ direct eye contact some believe soft handshake reflects weakness Exchanging Business Cards + exchange of name cards is done using both hands + read the business card + put the card away in a leather card/ place it on the table in front of you dont write on someones name card à  may not initiate the exchange of business cards Exchanging Gifts à  be prepared with appropriate gifts/ present gift with both hands + expensive cognac/ items typical of your own country/ logo gifts à  is not a gift-giving gift-giving culture many feel uncomfortable if presented with an expensive gift Winning and Dinning + master the fine arts of eating with chopsticks + toasting your counterparts à  many prefer to maintain a separation between their professional and private lives à   Negotiating Behaviour Chinese Negotiator United States Negotiator Bargaining Range à  often bargain vigorously à  expect major concession on price and terms à  expect them to test your opening offer for flexibility Concession Behaviour à  expect pressure tactics à  be prepared for some hard bargaining Plays and Counter-Ploys à  generally mask negative emotions à  may on occasion display anger as a pressure tactic à  a favourite bargaining tactic is time pressure à  another is to ask for quotations on a sliding scale by quantity Decision-Making Behaviour à  a long time-consuming process à  decisions take time à  fastest decision makers in the world Source: Adapted from: Gesteland, R. R. (1999). Cross-cultural business behavior: marketing, negotiating and managing across cultures. 2nd ed. Copenhagen: Handelshà ¸jskolens.

Gun Control :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Whenever some terrible act of violence occurs, such as a horrible school-shooting, people start asking questions and pointing fingers. They want to put the blame on someone or something. The blame is most often put on an inanimate object that does only what the person using it wants it to do. Guns do not cause crime and more gun control laws are not the answer. Gun control violates rights given to us by the Second Amendment, guns have proven to be extremely effective in deterring crimes and protecting private property, gun control does not work in controlling violence, and gun control goes against everything the founders of this country stood for. Gun control violates the rights that the founders of this country shed their blood for. Our constitution is the rights that the framers of this country put together because they felt it to be necessary for a strong nation. In it the Second Amendment states, ?A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. One would think that the men who wrote the Constitution knew and understood the importance of allowing a free people to have the right to keep and bear arms. Some would say that today?s well-regulated militia was the National Guard, but even if that was true the Second Amendment still protects individ uals rights to keep and bear arms. As Thomas Jefferson so emphatically put it, ?No free man should ever be disbarred the use of arms.? (Quotations 1) Thomas Jefferson, being a huge supporter of the right to bear arms, also said, ?The beauty of the Second Amendment is that it will not be needed until they try to take it.? Jefferson also said, ?The strongest reason for the People to retain the Right to Keep and Bear Arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government.? He definitely realized, as did the other writers of the constitution, the importance of letting a free people have the right to Bear Arms. It has been said that guns just cause violence and are never a benefit to society, nothing could be so far from the truth. Statistics have shown time and time again that guns are used hundreds of thousands of times a year in the defense of one?s self, property, and family.

Hardy-weinburg Equilibrium :: essays research papers

The Hardy-Weinberg theorem states that the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population’s gene pool remain constant over the generations unless acted upon by agents other than sexual recombination. For example, take a population of mice that consists of 1,000 members. A specific allele, albino allele, is recessive within this species. 80% of the population expresses the normal phenotype- brown coloring, while the remaining 20% are albino. 640 members of the population have the genotype AA, 320 have Aa, and 40 have aa. If completely random mating were to occur, there would be an 80% chance that a gamete would bear the normal allele, A, and a 20% chance that the gamete would bear the albino allele, a. The resulting offspring will display the following genotype ratios: AA will have 64%, Aa 32% (the chance of the offspring having the A allele is 96%), and aa 4%. The offspring have the same genotype ratio as their parents. This example was one of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The next generation will express the same genotype ratio as their parents, and so on. But what exactly is needed to create Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Basically, a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium s not evolving in any way.) Five specific factors are needed to create Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within a population- a very large population, isolation from other populations, no net mutations, random mating, and no natural selection. The first element needed to create Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a very large population size. The larger the population, the less likely it is for genetic drift to occur. Genetic drift is a chance fluctuation in the gene pool that may change the frequencies of alleles. A large population can better represent the gene pool of the previous generation than a small one. In order to completely eliminate all chances of genetic drift, a population would have to be infinitely large. Thus, we can see here that perfect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which has no changes in the frequency of alleles, would require no genetic drift at all, and genetic drift itself is only possible in a population of infinite size. There are two types of genetic drift- the bottleneck effect and the founder effect. Both severely decrease the variability within a population, altering the frequencies of alleles and thus making Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium impossible. If a disaster occurs in a population, killing off many members, the surviving members will not be representative of the original population. Hardy-weinburg Equilibrium :: essays research papers The Hardy-Weinberg theorem states that the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population’s gene pool remain constant over the generations unless acted upon by agents other than sexual recombination. For example, take a population of mice that consists of 1,000 members. A specific allele, albino allele, is recessive within this species. 80% of the population expresses the normal phenotype- brown coloring, while the remaining 20% are albino. 640 members of the population have the genotype AA, 320 have Aa, and 40 have aa. If completely random mating were to occur, there would be an 80% chance that a gamete would bear the normal allele, A, and a 20% chance that the gamete would bear the albino allele, a. The resulting offspring will display the following genotype ratios: AA will have 64%, Aa 32% (the chance of the offspring having the A allele is 96%), and aa 4%. The offspring have the same genotype ratio as their parents. This example was one of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The next generation will express the same genotype ratio as their parents, and so on. But what exactly is needed to create Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Basically, a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium s not evolving in any way.) Five specific factors are needed to create Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within a population- a very large population, isolation from other populations, no net mutations, random mating, and no natural selection. The first element needed to create Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a very large population size. The larger the population, the less likely it is for genetic drift to occur. Genetic drift is a chance fluctuation in the gene pool that may change the frequencies of alleles. A large population can better represent the gene pool of the previous generation than a small one. In order to completely eliminate all chances of genetic drift, a population would have to be infinitely large. Thus, we can see here that perfect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which has no changes in the frequency of alleles, would require no genetic drift at all, and genetic drift itself is only possible in a population of infinite size. There are two types of genetic drift- the bottleneck effect and the founder effect. Both severely decrease the variability within a population, altering the frequencies of alleles and thus making Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium impossible. If a disaster occurs in a population, killing off many members, the surviving members will not be representative of the original population.

How cell phones changed todays society Essay

How cellphones effect people everyday lives today? Cellphones play a bid role in today’s society as many would concur. From when someone wakes up in the morning they instantly checks their profile, messages, or missed calls. Cellphones make it easier to communicate with each other even if there’s a lot of distance between them. They made it to where if someone in Georgia want to talk to someone in New York anytime, then they could without haven to drive or fly to the other destination to. In order to keep the cellphones in business and effective they made different companies, that advertise, sale, keep in order, and produce the product. So to keep the business around each company tries to make the best deals for single and family purposes. They also build more signal towers all around the world to produce more signal than another company, to promise better service. They advertise the company on TV by commercials, on the internet with web site, on the streets with flyer or poster. They also advertise by saying they got the best by comparing there produce or services to others. Other ways like most of today’s phone are high quality with best games, internet, music, and communication. So when someone gets bored the first thing they do is pick up a phone. Most of some people’s day is spent on a cellphone. People now a days are on their phones extremely too much, missing the beauty of life. Not going out doing things hands on, they rather be sucked into cyber life or social media. Researchers found the radiofrequency field generated by your cell phone causes brain tissue to heat up. This proves your brain is absorbing radiation from your cell, study author David Gultekin, Ph.D., a researcher at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, tells MensHealth.com. Ten studies connect cell phone radiation  to diminished sperm count and sperm damage. Others raise health concerns such as altered brain metabolism, sleep disturbance and behavioral changes in children. That’s why I did research and found a case that can reduce radiation exposure. One of the greatest disadvantages of the cellular phone is the fact that we do not talk to strangers when traveling anymore. In the past, several people waiting for a bus would engage in a conversation while they were waiting. People who traveled the same routes every day might develop friendships along the way. This situation does not happen anymore. Today when people are waiting for a bus, they just pull out their cell phones and speak with old friends, missing out on the opportunity to make new ones. In large cities, many people do not know their neighbors, even though they may have lived in the same neighborhood for years. As a society, we are beginning to lose the face-to-face contact that was such an important part of our lives in the past. Cell phones are a great asset in aiding in our everyday lives. You should remember, however, to hang up every once in a while and pay attention to the world around you.

Laughter and Laugh Charlie Chaplin

presently is the Time to Laugh Charlie Chaplin once utter jape is the tonic, the surcease for pain. It is as well a lot that you hear the saying jape is the ruff medicine, which is non just an opinion, but has been be to be true. In this paper I will jump to you that prankter is the beat medicine and that one should not reduce their laughter to exposem professional person or respectful. No matter what the situation, laughter should be welcomed as a natural and sweet action that should not and tricknot be check outled.The break up of my paper is not only to prove my point but also to swear out everyone to appreciate and respect the natural, wonderful exist of ones laughter and the laughter of others. Norman Cousins give tongue to that laughter is inward jogging, which is a good way to site the fact that laughter is actually expert for ones health. Dr. William Fry of Stanford University medical examination School comp bed express joy to inner exercise, he s howed that express joy lowers your blood pressure and totality rate, improves lung capacity, massages internal organs, increases memory and alertness, reduces pain, improves digestion, and lowers stress hormones.It also exercises the muscles involved such as your knocker and abdominals. A recent study at the University of Maryland Medical Center showed that laughing more and having a strong sensory faculty of wit go off decrease your bump for heart attack and heart disease. The benefits also include psychological health. It lowers stress and eases misgiving and fear. It also strengthens relationships by bringing you immediate to throng, helping defuse a conflict, and promoting assembly bonding. It also helps you think more clearly. laugh in a relationship is master(prenominal) because it helps you open up more to the individual and it brings you closer to them. It can ease the tensity during an argument and attain one tactile property more relaxed and comfort able in all situation. some(prenominal) studies have shown that children laugh most 400 times a twenty-four hours while adults only laugh just about 15 times a twenty-four hours. M each professional adults look at laughter as inappropriate and disrespectful. They reduce their laughing while at work and shell it so they look more professional and sophisticated. School children are forced to be quite and not to laugh ecause their teachers see it as disrespectful and foolish. Lord Chesterfield said that frequent and loud laughter is the attribute of folly and ill manners, but how can people retrieve that such a natural, wonderful feeling can be such a terrible thing. in that respect are no reasonable explanations as to why laughter is considered disrespectful. Sure if you are laughing at individual as a way of making delight of them, then that is hurtful and disrespectful, but when people cannot delay their laughter, it should not be considered a horrible thing.People dont strik e other natural things interchangeable sneezing or coughing to be offensive, so why should they find laughter disrespectful. Many people say that this is not the time to laugh, especially at places desire merrimenterals, church or a bloodline meeting, but would the person that passed away ask you to never laugh in their bearing? And would God give you a intellect of humor if He didnt requisite you to use it? And would anyone want to work with someone who had no spirit of humor? Of hunt not If anyone ever said they didnt want to be acquainted with anyone who had a comprehend of humor and knew how to have fun than they must be lying.God make us the way we are and He made us with a sense of humor for a reason. Sure there are certain times where you should control your laughter but it is more practically that you absolutely should not try to control your laughter because it should be completely pleasing in almost any situation. Laughter, chicane and joy are by further th e best feelings anyone could have and everyone should be able to experience. You wouldnt say that someone didnt deserve grapple or happiness, so why would you say that someone doesnt deserve to laugh?I in person make out to laugh. Who doesnt? I love laughing with my sponsors and family and I love to make other people laugh. I believe that a good sense of humor is one of the best qualities you can find in a friend. all(prenominal)one deserves happiness and to be truly happy you must be able to laugh in any situation. Most of my close friends are my friends because they receive how to make me laugh and I love to laugh with them. As soon as I meet someone who is wary and laughs whenever they want to, I am presently attracted to them.The number one quality I look for in a friend or boyfriend is an amazing sense of humor and the ability to make me laugh and laugh with me. Everyone knows that no one likes a Debby downer and I think that everyone should be as happy as they can and l augh as much as they can. I believe that true happiness comes from love, and laughter. People should see laughter as one of the best feelings and should welcome it in any situation when it is truly natural. Every day an average person should laugh for at least 15 minutes collectively. As Charlie Chaplin said a day without laughter is a day wasted.