Katharine Kolcaba and Comfort Theory Term Paper

Katharine Kolcaba and Comfort Theory - Term Paper Example Purpose of Nursing â€Å"Holistic nursing care† sees comfort as a significant need throughout a person's lifetime (Malinowski & Stamler, 2002, p.599). Some of the indicators of quality and holistic nursing care are nursing outcomes that impact â€Å"holistic comfort† and patient satisfaction (Malinowski & Stamler, 2002, p.601). Kolcaba and Kolcaba (1991) lamented about the lack of richness and complexity of nursing as a science, because of the absence of further conceptualization of critical care terms: â€Å"... meanings of the term [comfort] are not specified† (p. 1301). Boundaries of Nursing Nursing has â€Å"comfort† as one of its fundamental theme, value, and outcome, which differentiates it from other health-related professions that focus on other technical values (Siefert, 2002, p.16). Nursing is related to disciplines of anthropology and psychology. Nursing is associated with anthropology, because both require careful observations and documentation s of observed settings (Kolcaba, 2003, p.23). Nursing is also related to psychology, where comfort is a physical, mental, and emotional state: â€Å"a state of ease and quiet enjoyment, [no] worry† (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188), as well as â€Å"satisfaction† and â€Å"relief† (Tutton & Seers, 2003, p.690). ... ancer and receiving radiation therapy, as well as people with urinary problems or mental problems, or are at their end-of-life stages (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). Description of Nursing Situations The one nursed has physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental comfort needs (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). Nurses should be knowledgeable and skilled in their profession (i.e. knowledgeable in communication strategies), sensitive and emphatic to patients who are asking for help and complain about discomfort, and have practical knowledge about medicines (Epstein, 2010, p.577; Stajduhar, Thorne, McGuinness, & Kim-Sing, 2010, pp.2040-2041) and other important non-pharmacological interventions (i.e. massage, as studied by Harris & Richards, 2010) . Quality interactions between nurses and the nurse can be described as resulting to patient satisfaction, because the patients feel relieved in how their comfort needs are met, and they are also satisfied with their relations and interactions with their nurses (Zaccardi, Wilson, & Mokrzycki, 2010, p.138). Context of the Development of Comfort Theory Katharine Kolcaba and Her Comfort Theory Kolcaba (1991) developed the Comfort Theory, because during her course of study, she believed that â€Å"comfort† is not yet fully analyzed as a nursing concept (p.1301). In addition, there is a need for a mid-range theory that has rich concepts and real applications to nursing practice (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). She also asserted that the nursing profession would benefit from clearer conceptual terms that can be operationalized and measured more accurately. In 1965, Kolcaba obtained her nursing diploma from St. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing in Cleveland (Kolcaba, 2003, p.2). She practiced full and part-time nursing

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example From these, the variable cost per unit is obtainable. The graph shows that the distribution of machine hours whose correlation with total costs incurred yields the least of effects on the total costs comparing all the variables involved. The correlation between machine hours and total cost is 0.2 whose relationship is less positive (Duchac, Reeve and Warren 754). Considering the relationship between total costs of production and the direct labor hours, the relationship is more positive. Interpreting this shows that there is a highly positive relationship between the two variables. The correlation coefficient here stands at 0.72, which is the highest. It reveals that a change in the number of direct labor hours will have great effect on the total costs of the manufacturing process. Duchac, Reeve and Warren (754) suggest that due to this, reduction of labor hours will yield a reduction in total cost of production that may yield higher profits. The third variable looks at the relationship between the total numbers of units produced in relation to the total costs incurred. The relationship is positive and correlation gives a 0.67 result. It shows that the total cost increase would yield an increase in the level of units produced. According to Duchac, Reeve and Warren (754), the relationship here shows the least positive of correlation. The relationship relates with the relevant range widely based on the period taken. Relative range represents the range within which a given price or cost holds true. The least square method is advantageous in that it includes all the data observed and tries to identify the line of best fit. The line helps to determine the variable and fixed cost proportion. The disadvantage of this method lies in its complication of the process because it considers all the observations presented. Under regression analysis, the following formula is vital. This aims at